Turkic etymology : Query result

Proto-Turkic: *kēt-men

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: hoe, mattock

Russian meaning: мотыга

Old Turkic: ketmen (OUigh.)

Karakhanid: ketmen (MK)

Turkish: gedmen

Middle Turkic: ketmen (Sangl.)

Uzbek: ketmɔn

Uighur: kätmän

Azerbaidzhan: kätmän

Turkmen: kǟtmen

Chuvash: katmak

Kirghiz: ketmen-

Bashkir: kätmän

Comments: VEWT 259, ЭСТЯ 3, 30-31, 5, 65-66, EDT 704. Usually derived from *gēt- 'to notch' - but the semantic shift is not quite satisfactory, and the Oghuz languages (except Turkish with a secondary analogy) systematically distinguish *g- in 'notch' and *k- in 'hoe'.

Proto-Turkic: *Kiab

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: tree fungus; dry grass

Russian meaning: древесный гриб; сухая трава

Old Turkic: qavaɣu (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: qav (MK)

Turkish: kav

Tatar: qaw, dial. qu

Middle Turkic: qov (Ettuhf.), qav (AH, Houts.)

Uzbek: qɔw

Azerbaidzhan: Gow

Turkmen: Gov

Khakassian: xabo

Shor: qabā

Oyrat: qū

Chuvash: Cf. jülege 'ряска', jüźǝ 'болото (т.е. нечто с ряской')'

Yakut: kɨa

Tuva: xaɣ

Kirghiz: qū

Kazakh: quw

Noghai: quw

Bashkir: qɨw

Kumyk: quw

Comments: EDT 579, 584, TMN 3, 532-533, ЭСТЯ 5, 169-170, 6, 8-9.

Proto-Turkic: *K(i)ab

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 peeled skin 2 to peel 3 dandruff

Russian meaning: 1 содранная кожа 2 сдирать (кожу) 3 перхоть

Turkish: kav 1, kovak 1, kavla- 2

Tatar: qawɨq 3

Middle Turkic: qav 1 (AH) , qavaq 3 (CCum.)

Uighur: qavaq 'shell' (dial.)

Azerbaidzhan: GovaG 3

Turkmen: Gov 1

Khakassian: xāx 3

Oyrat: qoq (Верб.), qāq (dial.) 3

Bashkir: qaw 1, qawaq 3

Comments: VEWT 214, EDT 578, ЭСТЯ 5, 160-161, 6, 7-8. This root should be distinguished from *Kāpuk 'bark' (v. sub *k`ā́p`à), although they are partially confused in VEWT 234-5. See also EDT 583.

Proto-Turkic: *K(i)adɨ-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to sew, sew together 2 leather belt

Russian meaning: 1 шить, сшивать 2 кожаный пояс

Karakhanid: qaδu- 1, qaδɨš 2 (MK)

Turkish: kajiš 2

Tatar: qajɨ- 1, qajɨš 2

Middle Turkic: qajɨš 2 (Pav. C.)

Uzbek: qajɨš 2 (dial.)

Azerbaidzhan: Gajɨš 2

Turkmen: Gaja- 1, Gajɨš 2

Khakassian: xās 2

Oyrat: qajɨš 2

Yakut: xatɨs 2

Kirghiz: qajɨ- 1, qajɨš 2

Kazakh: qajɨ- 1, qajɨs 2

Noghai: qajɨ- 1, qajɨs 2

Bashkir: qaj- > Chuv. xaj- 1, qajɨš 2

Balkar: qajɨš 2

Gagauz: qajɨš 2

Karaim: qajɨš 2

Karakalpak: qajɨ- 1, qajɨs 2

Salar: qajɨš 2

Kumyk: qajɨ- 1, qajɨš 2

Comments: VEWT 219, TMN 3, 408, EDT 596, 607, ЭСТЯ 5, 199, 218, Лексика 386.

Proto-Turkic: *K(i)agɨl

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: rod

Russian meaning: прут

Old Turkic: qaɣɨl (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: qaɣɨl (MK, KB) 'fresh willow shoots'

Khakassian: xāl

Kirghiz: kōla- 'буйно расти (о раст.) в ущерб плоду, семени'

Comments: VEWT 220, EDT 610.

Proto-Turkic: *K(i)aja

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 rock 2 mountain 3 slope

Russian meaning: 1 скала 2 гора 3 склон

Old Turkic: qaja (Orkh., OUygh.) 1

Karakhanid: qaja (MK, KB) 1

Turkish: kaja 1

Tatar: qɨja 1

Middle Turkic: qaja (Houts., AH, Ettuhf., Pav. C.) 1

Uzbek: qɔjɛ 1

Uighur: dial. qija 1

Azerbaidzhan: Gaja 1, 2

Turkmen: dial. Gāja, Gaja 1

Khakassian: xaja 1

Shor: qaja 1

Oyrat: qaja 1

Yakut: xaja 2

Dolgan: kaja 2

Tuva: xaja 1

Tofalar: xaja 1

Kirghiz: qaja 1, qɨja 3 ('oblique slope' - through contamination with *kɨj- 'oblique')

Noghai: qaja 1

Bashkir: qaja 1

Balkar: qaja 1

Gagauz: qaja 1, 2

Karakalpak: qɨja 1

Comments: VEWT 221, TMN 3, 565, EDT 674-5, ЭСТЯ 5, 198-199, Лексика 96, Stachowski 133.

Proto-Turkic: *K(i)aj-guk

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: boat, oar

Russian meaning: лодка, весло

Karakhanid: qajɣuq, qajɣɨq (MK)

Turkish: kajɨk

Tatar: qajɨq

Middle Turkic: qajɨq (MA, Pav. C.)

Uzbek: qɛjiq

Uighur: qejiq

Azerbaidzhan: GajɨG

Turkmen: Gajɨq

Oyrat: qajɨq

Yakut: xajɨk, dial. xojūk

Kirghiz: qajɨq

Kazakh: qajɨq

Noghai: qajɨq

Bashkir: qajɨq

Gagauz: qajɨq

Karakalpak: qajɨq

Kumyk: qajɨq

Comments: VEWT 233, ЭСТЯ 5, 212-213, TMN 3, 408-409 (derivation from *Kaj- 'slide' is probably folk-etymological, cf. the external evidence).

Proto-Turkic: *K(i)al

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: wild, rough

Russian meaning: дикий, грубый

Old Turkic: qal (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: qal (KB)

Middle Turkic: qal (CCum.)

Turkmen: Galdav

Khakassian: xal

Shor: qal

Oyrat: qal

Yakut: xal

Tuva: xal-mal

Balkar: qaltaq

Comments: EDT 614, VEWT 224, ДТС 410.

Proto-Turkic: *K(i)aĺ-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 lazy, vile (in addressing a slave) 2 lazy, stubborn

Russian meaning: 1 ленивый, негодный (обращение к рабу) 2 ленивый, упрямый

Karakhanid: qašaŋ (MK) 1

Middle Turkic: qašaŋ (Pav. C.)

Uzbek: qaššaŋ 'poor, beggar'

Uighur: qaššaq 1, 2, qašaŋ 2

Oyrat: qažaŋ 2

Chuvash: xъli 'невзрачный, плохонький', xъlin 'хитрец, упрямец, лодырь, лентяй'

Kirghiz: qašaŋ 2

Bashkir: dial. qaššaq 1, 2, dial. qašan 2

Karakalpak: qasaŋ 2

Comments: EDT 673, ЭСТЯ 5, 348-350. Turk. > WMong. qašaŋ 'slow, lazy' (Clark 1980, 42); some of the modern Turkic forms may be borrowed back from Mong. (as certainly is Chuv. xažan).

Proto-Turkic: *K(i)alɨ-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 sky 2 to clear up (of sky)

Russian meaning: 1 небо 2 проясняться (о небе)

Old Turkic: qalɨq (OUygh.) 1

Karakhanid: (kök) qalɨq 1 (MK)

Chuvash: ? jъl- 'to shine, glitter'

Yakut: kilej-xalaj 'shining', xalɨn- 2, xallān 'clear sky, good weather'

Dolgan: kallān 1

Comments: VEWT 226, Лексика 60-61, Stachowski 135.

Proto-Turkic: *Kiam

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 shaman 2 to shamanize, come into movement

Russian meaning: 1 шаман 2 камлать, приходить в движение

Old Turkic: qam 1, qamla- 2 (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: qam (MK, KB) 1

Turkish: kam 1

Tatar: qam 1 (Sib.)

Middle Turkic: qam 1 (AH, IM, Pav. C.), qamla- 2 (Sangl.)

Khakassian: xam 1, xamna- 2

Shor: qam 1

Oyrat: qam 1, qamda- 2

Chuvash: jomъś, jumъźǝ 1

Yakut: xam-nā- (xam-sā-) 2

Dolgan: kamnā- 2

Tuva: xam 1

Tofalar: xam 1

Karaim: qamʒɨ 1

Comments: VEWT 228, TMN 3, 402-406, ЭСТЯ 5, 240-241, Егоров 348-349, Федотов 1, 486, Stachowski 136.

Proto-Turkic: *K(i)amak / *K(i)apak

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 forehead 2 front part 3 eyelid 4 eyebrow

Russian meaning: 1 лоб 2 передняя часть 3 веко 4 бровь

Karakhanid: qapaq 3 (MK)

Turkish: kabak 'bald', dial. kabag 1, 2, 'face', 'skull'

Tatar: küz qabaɣɨ 3, dial. taw qabaɣɨ 'mountain slope'

Middle Turkic: qabaq 1, 2 (Sangl., Бор. Бад.)

Uzbek: qɔvɔq 3

Uighur: dial. qawaq 3

Sary-Yughur: qavaq 'nose bridge' (ЯЖУ)

Azerbaidzhan: GabaG 2, (poet.) 'face'

Turkmen: GābaG 3

Khakassian: xamax 1

Shor: qamaq, qabaq 1

Oyrat: qamaq, qabaq 4, dial. 1

Tuva: xavaq 1

Tofalar: qabaq 4

Kirghiz: qabaq 3, 'pitfall'

Kazakh: qabaq 3, 'place under the forehead; edge of shore'

Noghai: qabaq 3

Bashkir: qabaq 3, 'precipice'

Karakalpak: qabaq 3, 'cleft'

Kumyk: göz qabaɣɨ 3

Comments: VEWT 228, ЭСТЯ 5, 161, Лексика 199-200. An extremely complicated case: forms meaning 'eyelid' are traditionally analysed as derived from *Kap- 'to cover' - but the Turkm., Uzb. and Uygh. forms clearly contradict such a derivation by displaying unmistakable vowel length. A trace of the original meaning 'forehead, eyebrow' (later shifted to 'eyelid') in the Kypchak languages (not distinguishing vowel length) may be found in expressions meaning 'to frown (one's forehead, eyebrows)': Kirgh. qabaq tüj-, bürkö-, Kaz., KKalp. qabaq tüj-. The form *Kāpak may have been additionally influenced by PT *Kāp 'sack; to surround' (v. sub *k[ā]p`á), *Kāp(ak) 'caul, hymen' (v. sub *k`āp`á). The variation of *-m- and -p- (cf. the archaic Siberian reflexes with -m-) is parallelled by a similar variation in TM and Japanese and may reflect an original cluster, but may have been an innovation due to the contaminations with *Kap- and *Kāp.

Proto-Turkic: *K(i)aŋ

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: father

Russian meaning: отец

Old Turkic: qaŋ (Orkh., Yeniss., OUygh.)

Karakhanid: qaŋdaš 'half-brother, son of the same father and a different mother' (MK), qaŋsɨq ata 'step-father' (MK)

Comments: VEWT 232, EDT 630, 635, 640, ЭСТЯ 5, 258.

Proto-Turkic: *K(i)aŋ

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 vehicle, cart 2 skis, sleigh

Russian meaning: 1 повозка 2 лыжи, сани

Old Turkic: qaŋlɨ (OUygh.) 1

Karakhanid: qaŋlɨ (MK) 1

Turkish: kaɣnɨ, dial. kannɨ, kangɨllɨ 1

Middle Turkic: qaŋlɨ (Sangl., Houts., AH) 1

Khakassian: xaŋā 1

Shor: qaŋna 2

Tuva: xā̃k 2

Tofalar: qaŋha 2 (ФиЛ 91)

Salar: ɣaŋlɨ 1

Comments: TMN 3, 531, EDT 638, ЭСТЯ 5, 259-260, Лексика 533.

Proto-Turkic: *K(i)aŋ-(ɨr)-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 nose 2 to snuffle 3 beak, snout 4 parched nose (phras.) 5 nose bridge

Russian meaning: 1 нос 2 гнусавить 3 клюв, морда 4 пересохший (о носе) 5 переносица

Karakhanid: qaŋraq `palate' (MK - ДТС)

Sary-Yughur: qaŋrɨq, qãrq 1

Turkmen: Gaŋšɨravuq 'nasal cavity', Goŋursa- 'to reek'

Oyrat: qaŋɨrɨq (Tel.) (R II, 82); qoŋɨr 5 (R II 521), Tel. (Верб.)

Yakut: xaŋɨnaj- 2; xoŋurū, xaŋɨrɨ̄ 5 (Пек.)

Tuva: xāj 3, xā̃š 'nasal', qoŋzaŋ 'crook-nosed'

Tofalar: xāj 1, 3

Kirghiz: qaŋɨrɨq 4, qoŋursu- 'to reek'

Bashkir: qaŋɣɨrɨq (dial.) 'hard palate'

Comments: The root is no doubt archaic, although not widely attested. On its modern reflexes see VEWT 232, Лексика 215-216 (some of the listed forms are < Mong., but certainly not all.), ЭСТЯ 6, 66.

Proto-Turkic: *K(i)ar-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 heron, crane 2 swallow, swift

Russian meaning: 1 цапля, журавль 2 ласточка

Old Turkic: qarlɨɣač (OUygh.) 2

Karakhanid: qarlɨɣač, qarɣɨlač (MK) 2

Turkish: karkara 1, kɨrlanɣɨč, kɨrlɨk 2

Tatar: qarlɨɣač 2

Middle Turkic: qarluwač, qarluɣač (Sangl., Pav. C., MA), qarlaɣač (Houts.), qarlawuč (AH)

Uzbek: qɛrqɛrɛ 1, qɛldirɣɔč 2

Uighur: qaqira 1, qalɣač (dial.) 2

Azerbaidzhan: GaranGuš, Garaɣloš 2

Turkmen: Garqara (dial.) 1, Garlavāč 2

Khakassian: xarlaɣas, xarlɨɣas (dial.) 2

Shor: qarlāš 2

Oyrat: qarlaɣaš, qarɨlɣaš 2

Yakut: xaraŋaččɨ 2

Kirghiz: qarqɨra 1, qardɨɣač 2

Kazakh: qarqɨra 1, qarlɨɣaš 2

Noghai: qarlɨɣaš 2

Bashkir: qarlɨɣas (dial.) 2

Balkar: qarɨlɣač 2

Karakalpak: qarlɨɣaš 2

Kumyk: qarlaɣač, qarlɨɣač 2

Comments: EDT 657, ЭСТЯ 5, 306-309; Лексика 175-176.

Proto-Turkic: *K(i)arba-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to grope (for smth.) 2 to grasp (with hands or teeth) 3 to swim (grope through water with hands and feet) 4 to rake up

Russian meaning: 1 нащупывать 2 хватать (руками или зубами) 3 плавать (хвататься за воду руками и ногами) 4 сгребать

Old Turkic: qarva- (OUygh.) 1

Karakhanid: qarva- (MK) 1

Turkish: kavra- 2

Middle Turkic: qarba- (Qutb)

Turkmen: Gabra- 2

Khakassian: xarba- 2

Shor: qarba- 2

Oyrat: qarba- 2

Yakut: xarbā- 2,3,4

Dolgan: karbā- 'to row, swim'

Tuva: qarban- 3

Comments: EDT 646, VEWT 243, ЭСТЯ 5, 302-303, Мудрак 103 (with a wrong attribution of Tuva xɨr-). Despite Kaɫ. MEJ 42, Stachowski 139, forms like Yak. xarbā- are hardly borrowed < Mong. qarma- (on which see under *k`aŕa).

Proto-Turkic: *Kiaŕɨ

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: inner fat

Russian meaning: брюшной жир

Karakhanid: qazɨ (MK)

Tatar: dial. qazɨ

Uzbek: qɛzi

Uighur: qezi

Khakassian: xazɨ

Oyrat: qazɨ

Chuvash: jor-var 'скоромная пища'

Yakut: qaha

Tuva: qazɨ

Tofalar: qazɨ

Kirghiz: qazɨ

Kazakh: qazɨ

Noghai: qazɨ

Bashkir: qaδɨ

Karakalpak: qazɨ

Comments: VEWT 243, ЭСТЯ 5, 189-190, Мудрак Дисс. 193-194, TMN 3, 359, EDT 681, Федотов 2, 491.

Proto-Turkic: *K(i)arɨĺ

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: span

Russian meaning: пядь

Karakhanid: qarɨš (MK)

Turkish: karɨš

Tatar: qarɨš

Middle Turkic: qarɨš (Pav. C., Houts., AH, IM)

Uzbek: qɛriš

Uighur: ɣerič, dial. ɣeriš

Azerbaidzhan: Garɨš

Turkmen: Garɨš

Khakassian: xarɨs

Oyrat: qarɨš

Yakut: xarɨs

Tuva: qarɨš

Tofalar: xarɨš

Kirghiz: qarɨš

Kazakh: qarɨs

Noghai: qarɨs

Bashkir: qarɨš

Balkar: qarɨš

Gagauz: qarɨš

Karakalpak: qarɨs

Kumyk: qarɨš

Comments: ЭСТЯ 5, 324-326, EDT 663. External evidence suggests that the original meaning was 'elbow, cubit' [in fact attested for qarɨš in Chag. Abushka, but some argue that this is just a script error], with the opposition *K(i)arɨ 'large measure (cubit) : *K(i)arɨĺ 'small measure (span)'. But the former completely merged later with the reflexes of *Karɨ 'arm' (v. sub *gàrá).

Proto-Turkic: *K(i)arɨnč-ɣa

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 ant 2 tick

Russian meaning: 1 муравей 2 клещ

Karakhanid: qarɨnčaq (MK: Oghuz) 1

Turkish: karɨnǯa 1

Middle Turkic: qarɨnčɣa (Sangl., Qutb.), qarɨnča (Houts.) 1

Azerbaidzhan: Garɨšɣa 1

Turkmen: Garɨnǯa 2

Khakassian: xarčɨx 2

Gagauz: qarɨmǯɛ 1

Comments: EDT 662, VEWT 238, ЭСТЯ 5, 323, Лексика 184. Turk. > Kalm. xačig (KW 173) 'irgendeine Made in der Nase des Kamels' (or is it rather < Turk. qatqɨč?).